Uterine (endometrial) cancer
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer and also the most common type of reproductive system cancer..
Endometrial cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.
Endometrial cancer usually occurs in women over age 50. Most of the time, endometrial cancer is found in its earliest stage, before it has spread outside the uterus. It is usually cured when it is found early.
Causes of endometrial cancer
The most common cause of endometrial cancer is an excess of the hormone estrogen compared to the hormone progesterone. This hormone imbalance between estrogen and progesterone causes the lining of the uterus to get thicker and thicker. If the lining stays thick over time, then cancer cells can start to grow, especially in women after age 50. Too much body fat, diabetes, or high blood pressure also increase your risk of endometrial cancer.
Symptoms of endometrial cancer
The most common symptoms include:
- Abnormal heavy or long-lasting menstrual periods
- Bleeding in between periods
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, spotting, or discharge after menopause
Diagnosing endometrial cancer
The most common way to diagnose endometrial cancer is for your doctor to remove a small sample from the lining of your uterus. This sample (called a biopsy) is then examined to look for cancer cells.
Treating endometrial cancer
Surgery is the main treatment for endometrial cancer. This surgery is called a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and involves removing the uterus plus the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Other treatments include radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy. You may have one type of treatment or a combination of treatments, depending on many factors including the size and extent of your cancer.
Being treated for cancer can weaken your body, and you may feel very tired. Talk with your doctor about home treatment and certain medicines that can relieve some of your symptoms and help you feel better.
Your doctor understands that you may feel overwhelmed when facing cancer treatment. Be assured that he or she will guide you in making any treatment decisions and support you before, during, and after treatment.
Preventing endometrial cancer
- Use birth control pills that contain both estrogen and progestin
- If using hormone replacement treatment, use both progestin and estrogen
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Breastfeed, if you can
- Get at least 2 1/2 hours a week of medium intensity physical activity
- Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and soy
- Eat less animal fat
- Talk to your doctor if you notice changes in your body
